Zé Ramalho, born José Ramalho Neto on October 3, 1949, in Brejo do Cruz, ParaÃba, grew up in Brazilâs Northeast, lost his father when he was three, and was raised largely by his paternal grandparents; he later left medical school at the Federal University of ParaÃba to pursue music. First drawn to rockânâroll and then to cordel, repente, and other northeastern traditions, he recorded Paêbirú (1975) with Lula Côrtes before moving to Rio de Janeiro and breaking through nationally with his self-titled solo debut Zé Ramalho (1978), which included "Avôhai," "Vila do Sossego," and "Chão de Giz." He followed it with A Peleja do Diabo com o Dono do Céu (1979) and a run of albums that established his blend of regional Brazilian forms, rock, mysticism, and social commentary. In the 1990s he returned to a broader commercial peak through songs such as "Entre a Serpente e a Estrela" and the renewed prominence of "Admirável Gado Novo," while O Grande Encontro (1996) linked him with Elba Ramalho, Alceu Valença, and Geraldo Azevedo, and Antologia Acústica (1997) became one of the biggest sellers in his catalog. In the 2000s and 2010s he added albums such as O Gosto da Criação (2002), Parceria dos Viajantes (2007), and Sinais dos Tempos (2012), alongside the tribute series devoted to Raul Seixas, Bob Dylan, Luiz Gonzaga, Jackson do Pandeiro, and the Beatles. After a long gap between albums of new songs, he returned in 2022 with Ateu Psicodélico (2022), his first full album of new material since 2012, led by "As Onze Palavras" and featuring guests including Andreas Kisser, Waldonys, and Robertinho de Recife. He remained active afterward, with releases and videos continuing into 2023 and 2024 and official Brazilian concert dates in 2026.
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